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Description
philodendron callosum Philodendron callosum – Rare Textured Leaf PhilodendronPhilodendron callosum A Rare and Adaptable Climbing Aroid Philodendron callosum is a unique and rare species native to Venezuela, the Guiana Shield, and northwestern Brazil. Unlike many philodendrons, this species thrives in diverse conditions, often growing as an epiphyte on dead trees or terrestrial in nutrient rich, organic matter. Its adaptability, striking foliage, and distinctive growth habit make it a fascinating addition to any aroid
Philodendron callosum – A Rare and Adaptable Climbing Aroid
Philodendron callosum is a unique and rare species native to Venezuela, the Guiana Shield, and northwestern Brazil. Unlike many philodendrons, this species thrives in diverse conditions, often growing as an epiphyte on dead trees or terrestrial in nutrient-rich, organic matter. Its adaptability, striking foliage, and distinctive growth habit make it a fascinating addition to any aroid collection.
Why Philodendron callosum is a Must-Have
- Adaptable Growth Habit: Can grow as an epiphyte, terrestrial, or even on rocky substrates.
- Distinctive Foliage: Features dark green leaves that vary in size and texture based on light exposure.
- Rare and Collectible: Not commonly found in cultivation, making it highly sought after by aroid enthusiasts.
- Natural Air Purifier: Helps filter indoor air while adding a lush, tropical feel to any space.
Key Details About Philodendron callosum
- Native Habitat: Originates from the rainforests of Venezuela, Brazil, and the Guiana Shield.
- Growth Habit: Versatile – climbs trees, spreads on the ground, or attaches to rocky surfaces.
- Size and Spread: Typically reaches 50-80 cm in height, depending on support availability.
- Toxicity: Contains calcium oxalate crystals, making it toxic if ingested by pets or humans.
How to Care for Philodendron callosum
- Light Needs: Prefers bright, indirect light but can tolerate lower light conditions.
- Watering Routine: Keep soil evenly moist but well-drained. Avoid letting the plant sit in excess water.
- Humidity Requirements: Thrives in humidity levels above 65%. A humidifier can help maintain moisture.
- Temperature Preferences: Grows best in temperatures between 18-28°C. Protect from cold drafts.
- Soil Composition: Requires a loose, airy mix with orchid bark, perlite, and sphagnum moss.
- Repotting and Pot Choice: Use a well-draining pot with enough space for aerial roots. Repot every 2-3 years.
- Fertilization: Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during active growth.
- Propagation: Easily propagated through stem cuttings placed in water or moist soil.
- Pruning and Maintenance: Remove older leaves to encourage new growth and maintain the plant’s shape.
Common Problems and Solutions
- Yellowing Leaves: Often a sign of overwatering. Allow the soil to dry slightly between waterings.
- Browning Leaf Edges: Indicates low humidity – misting or using a humidifier can help.
- Pest Management: Occasionally affected by spider mites or mealybugs. Treat with neem oil or insecticidal soap.
Additional Growing Tips
To mimic its natural environment, provide high humidity, bright indirect light, and a well-draining yet moisture-retentive soil mix. Philodendron callosum thrives when given ample support for climbing and access to organic matter.
Botanical Background
The genus Philodendron belongs to the Araceae family and includes a wide variety of climbing and self-heading species. Philodendron callosum was first described by K. Krause in 1913 and remains a lesser-known but fascinating species within the philodendron world.
Order Philodendron callosum Today!
Looking for a rare and fascinating philodendron? Philodendron callosum is an excellent choice for plant collectors and enthusiasts. Order now and enjoy its unique adaptability and stunning foliage!
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4.5 ★★★★★
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★★★★★ 5
Another welcome Pillar commentary
Format: Hardcover
The newest volume in the excellent Pillar New Testament Commentary series is another first-rate effort. The American New Testament professor has already done a very good commentary on 1-3 John (BECNT, 2008). His newest commentary adds to a now rather impressive line-up of Pillar commentaries.
As to the Pastorals, the four most important and substantial commentaries from a basically conservative, evangelical stance over the past few decades have been these:
1992: George Knight (NIGTC – 500 pages)
2000: Jerome Quinn and William Wacker (ECC – 900 pages)
2000: William Mounce (WBC – 640 pages)
2006: Philip Towner (NICNT – 900 pages)
Mention should also be made of two other commentaries. One is the 1999 volume by I. Howard Marshall (with Philip Towner) in the ICC series. It is also 900 pages and looks to be outstanding. But I do not own it (the ICC series is SO expensive), so I cannot comment further on it. Another is the shorter, 300+ page work by Gordon Fee (NIBC, 1984) which can also be added to any list of highly recommended volumes on the Pastorals.
Now we have Yarbrough to join these important works. He provides us with a very workable, informed and detailed examination of the Pastoral Epistles. He spends 95 of his 600 pages on introductory matters. As to authorship, it has become somewhat trendy of late to deny Pauline authorship. Even some conservatives have gone in this direction
Yarbrough offers ten pages on this, and affirms the traditional stance, saying: “For eighteen centuries, Pauline authorship was never doubted by the churches’ intellectual leaders; even in the last two centuries, many have doubted the doubters.”
As to the commentary proper, one tends to first head to well-known, contentious, difficult, or important passages. So let me reflect on a few of these. One of the most hotly debated passages in the Pastorals of course has to do with the matter of women in leadership.
Paul covers this in several places, but the most crucial passage is 1 Timothy 2:11-15. This is certainly a difficult passage in many respects, and one that is hotly debated. The two main camps on this have been the complementarians, who argue that men and women are equal in worth and status, but have differing, hierarchical roles, and the egalitarians, who argue that women can fully serve in church leadership positions.
This debate has been going on for quite some time now. Because all of 1 Tim. 2 must be considered here (dealing as it does with propriety in public worship), Yarbrough has a lengthy general discussion about these issues first. He then devotes another 20 pages to the actual contentious passage. He offers a “qualified complementarian reading” on all this.
Egalitarians may not fully agree, but they should appreciate his careful and gracious exegesis here. And of course he has written on this elsewhere, as in his chapter in the important volume edited by Kostenberger and Schreiner: Women in the Church, 3rd ed. (Crossway, 1995, 2016).
Another issue that can be rather difficult to understand and deal with concerns those who “have suffered shipwreck with regard to the faith. Among them are Hymenaeus and Alexander, whom I have handed over to Satan to be taught not to blaspheme” (1 Tim 1:18-20). Paul says something similar in 1 Cor. 5. Says Yarbrough,
“From these two passages it may be inferred that in grave cases of ethical or doctrinal lapse, and perhaps drawing on Job 2:6, Satan was viewed as ‘God’s agent in judicial administration.’ Whereas congregations would normally have prayed for one another, there were evidently cases where petition would shift from divine protection to divine discipline (with Satan as God’s agent). Sometimes harsh measures are required to wake people up (see 2 Thess. 3:10-14).”
Since discussions about overseers are found in all three epistles, both Paul and Yarbrough spend much time on the topic. In one of the passages he makes this remark: “In sum, ‘the overseer is to be’ introduces more than a random wish list for the pastorally inclined do-gooder. It points to a quality and depth of godliness that are indiscernible for the magnitude and gravity of pastoral labor that Paul models, expects of Timothy, and hopes to see replicated in generations to come at Ephesus and beyond.”
Two more issues that can be contentious for some is found in 1 Tim. 5:23: “Stop drinking only water, and use a little wine because of your stomach and your frequent illnesses.” Some teetotallers try to argue that this is not actual wine, but watered down grape juice. And some of the health and wealth gospellers insist that no faith-filled believer should ever get sick. Yarbrough gives short shrift to both of these ideas.
Another famous passage dealing with wealth is 1 Tim. 6:6-10 which speaks of false teachers and the love of money. Yarbrough affirms the biblical balance Paul seeks to present here:
“Birth and death both illustrate the tenuous relation between life and material goods. Paul wants to relativize (not trivialize or eliminate) the importance of earthly acquisitions, since he observes people tempted to enlist God in their material quest. . . . It is important to note that this is not an adoption of an ideal of Hellenistic philosophy. Nor is it an endorsement of poverty. . . . If God does grant wealth, and if a believer has not sold his or her soul to acquire it, Paul will later give directions for its proper utilization (see on vv. 17-19 below).”
Other matters could be mentioned here. But all up this is a very competent and usable commentary, one that will stand the test of time. It offers careful exegesis and helpful theological insights. It is a very welcome addition to the Pillar series. The PNTC series really has become one of the premier sets for evangelicals and those who want the best of biblical scholarship and careful exegesis.
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Reviewed in the United States on November 11, 2018
★★★★★ 5
Great, New Commentary!
Format: Hardcover
This commentary by Robert Yarbrough will become, I predict, a top-rated volume on the Pastoral Epistles. These epistles are ideal for the style of commentary we find in the Pillar New Testament Commentary (PNTC) series. As respected and valuable as the NICNT volumes by the same publisher are, these Pillar volumes are simply more valuable. They have a better center of focus, are more consistently conservative, and have more value for pastors without sacrificing scholarship. This volume succeeds in reaching that standard too. As you might have guessed, the editorship of D. A. Carson likely keeps this series moored to that lofty perch. BTW, don’t miss the editor’s preface where Carson fawns over Yarbrough’s work here.
I was in love with this commentary within a few pages of its fine Introduction. So many commentators lose their way in the Pastoral Epistles. I have long suspected that it has far more to do with the authors dislike of what these epistles say rather than any actual problem found within them. Yarbrough is not sucked into the irrational fear of using the term “pastoral epistles” as so many are today either. It’s a breath of fresh air.
He opens the Introduction with eight theses on pastoral heritage in these epistles. To my mind, that was a great way to present introductory issues. Next, he does a section each on Father, Son, and Spirit respectively in the Pastoral Epistles (PE). He was particularly perceptive in discussing Paul as a working pastor, even dispensing some silly critical theories along the way. He then tackles in turn geography, people, and key terms. He ends with a section on authorship and other usual introductory matters and masterfully reaches conservative conclusions.
The commentary itself was even better! The phrase “real help” comes to mind. He showed off his skill, for example, in the perpetual battlefield of Titus 2. He gently yet surefootedly takes us where that disliked passage goes. He’s kind to dissenters, careful in scholarship, but not afraid to reach a conclusion. I don’t know about you, but that’s how I like my commentaries. 5 stars all the way!
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Reviewed in the United States on October 11, 2018
★★★★★ 4
A Thorough Commentary that Needs Less Neutrality
Format: Kindle
Dr. Yarbrough has addressed the meaning of the Pastoral Epistles with the excellence we have have come to expect from him. However, sometimes he seems reluctant to take a stand on some controversial issues (other than on Pauline authorship and matters of basic Christian orthodoxy, to both of which he is correctly firmly committed). When several possibilities of meaning are possible, for example, it would be helpful to know which hypothesis he favors, and why. While occasionally he does state a definitive opinion, more often he does not, perhaps in a laudable but somewhat overdone effort to avoid controversy with fellow theologians. However, when one reads a 1000+ page commentary written at a scholarly level, one expects the author to give his or her expert opinion on such matters—indeed, it is a major reason that one purchases and studies a commentary. To conclude on a more positive note, Dr. Yarbrough’s observations on Greek word usage, including numerous Old Testament passages from the Septuagint, the Apostolic Fathers and apocryphal works, were very helpful in aiding the reader in understanding fine shades of meaning. His pastoral observations and deductions based on the text are simply excellent. His discussions of the strengths and weaknesses commonly encountered in Christian leaders in Western countries versus those observed in leaders from other nations were fascinating and edifying, not to mention occasionally convicting (in a good way)—even for readers who aren’t pastors, like me.
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Reviewed in the United States on November 25, 2025
★★★★★ 1
Unimpressive
Format: Hardcover
Concerning various controversial questions of like Pauline authorship and women in ministry, Yarbrough's commentary is lackluster, polemical, and altogether dismissive of large swaths of evangelical scholarship that run counter to his claims. There are better commentaries from an evangelical perspective (I. Howard Marshall, Philip Towner) that seriously address such questions without resorting to hand-waving. Overall, an unimpressive and polemical work that is superseded by better words.
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Reviewed in the United States on September 10, 2019
★★★★★ 5
Great for NP school
Format: Paperback
This is very informative and easy to read! No fluff but just the nitty gritty of what you need to know
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Reviewed in the United States on May 13, 2025
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